How Arthritis Affects Women Differently?
Dr Soumya Chakraborty, Consultant, Orthopedics, Fortis Hospital, Anandapur
Arthritis, a condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the joints, can significantly impact individuals’ daily lives. While both men and women can develop arthritis, women are often more vulnerable to its effects. According to recent studies, this higher risk in women is linked to factors like hormonal changes, lifestyle habits, and genetics.
The Gender Gap in Arthritis
Research indicates that in India, one in three women over 60 suffers from arthritis. Even in their 20s and 30s, young women are highly susceptible to arthritis. [2] Studies suggest that women are more likely to develop certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), compared to men.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that disproportionately affects women, with a prevalence rate almost three times higher than in men. It often manifests in women between the ages of 30-50 and can lead to severe joint damage if not treated early.
Osteoarthritis, on the other hand, is more common in women after the age of 45. Hormonal changes during menopause can lead to a reduction in estrogen levels, a hormone that protects the bones and joints, making women more susceptible to joint degeneration.
Several Factors Contribute to the Increased Risk of Arthritis in Women:
- Hormonal Changes: Estrogen plays a protective role in maintaining joint and bone health. Its decline during menopause accelerates the wear and tear on the joints.
- Genetic Factors: Women are more likely to inherit genetic markers that predispose them to arthritis.
- Anatomical Differences: Women’s joints, particularly in the knees, are more aligned differently, which increases the stress on these joints.
- Lifestyle Factors: The lack of physical activity and increased obesity rates among women significantly contribute to the onset of arthritis.
